Many variables determine the quality of the skin, particularly the ravages of the external environment and age, these are the most important variables. Ageing is a continuous, universal, progressive, intense, noxious, but democratic phenomenon, essential to the evolutionary process upon which the skin is not an exception. The older we get, the more our skin becomes wrinkled. In human skin, factors such as age, sun exposure, smoking, and endocrine changes will be] as important risk factors for wrinkles [1-4. Concept of skin agingThe skin is a unique organ that reflects the inevitable changes in the body of the aging process. It is the body's dynamic interface with the environment and as such their roles include barrier function, mechanical protection, wound healing, immune function, thermoregulation and sebum production, just to name a few. All of these functions with age. Aging of the skin is a complex process, combined with morphological and chemical changes, dictated by an inherent genetic program and accelerated by environmental damage genes and their protein products. Through structural and molecular degradation, aging causes a functional deficit in the skin and lead to the clinical changes, including wrinkling, color changes (dyspigmentation), laxity and no-elasticity [5, 6]. Two independent processes determine the aging, the intrinsic and extrinsic aging of the skin. AgingIntrinsic Intrinsic aging, also known as the natural aging process known, is the slow irreversible degeneration of tissue, which affects almost all body organs. Normally begins in our mid-20′s, intrinsic aging is a continuous process, which by definition is inevitable, and as such are not subject to manipulation by changes in human behavior. It is genetically programmed and causes structural and functional changes in all layers of the skin. Although in the mid-20′s begin the signs of intrinsic aging are typically not visible for decades [7-9]. Intrinsic Aging produces lines and wrinkles, age spots, pigmentation and spots, broken capillaries, dull skin texture and color, and other skin blemishes. Apart from these, intrinsic aging can cause a previously attractive mole or birth mark in an unattractive protrusion or an imperceptible scar change even be stronger when wrinkles form around him. The production of collagen and elastin slows down in the skin, a protein from which the basic substance of elastic tissue, which makes the skin snap back into place draw will be less “elastic”. Epidermal turnover (sales of new skin cells), which takes about 28 days in young adult requires about 40-60 days in the elderly. This slower turnover leads to a thinning of the epidermis, the aged skin a translucent appearance giving, and to repair damage skin barrier function and, and cell exfoliation. Intrinsic aging results in a decrease in subcutaneous (under the skin) fat, which contributes to wrinkles and sagging of the skin and make the skin more susceptible to injury and bruising. Although it runs a number of structural changes, the effects of intrinsic aging of the most functional, with only minor effects on the skin (as already mentioned) – fine wrinkles, dryness and thinning. The genetic program of intrinsic aging is different in each case both in terms of speed and extent of the effect [8, 10, 11]. Extrinsic aging agingExtrinsic is usually introduced by external factors to the body, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, pollution, harsh weather and chronic sun exposure (photoaging). Other factors are repetitive facial expressions, gravity and lying positions. Of all these external factors is sun exposure are considered by far is clearly harmful for the skin and by Baumann (2007) 80% of the aging face assumed that due to chronic sun exposure [8, 9]. 1st Sun exposure (photoaging) The human skin to ultraviolet and infrared radiation practically every day, and without protection from the rays of the sun, a few minutes of exposure each day can be exposed over the years, causing significant changes on the skin because the skin loses ability to repair itself and as such, accumulates the damage. The clinical manifestation of photoaging depends on skin type, skin color and the history of the long-term or intense sun exposure. A person with fair skin with a history of sun exposure develop more signs of photoaging as a dark-skinned person. For those with the darkest of skins, are the signs of photoaging often fine wrinkles and skin tone with spots or blotches of different shades or colors selected limited. It has been shown that repeated ultraviolet radiation damages the skin by breaking down collagen, attacks the impairment of the synthesis of new collagen and elastin and cause immense damage. Photoaging is characterized by coarse, deep, heavy wrinkles and pigment changes on exposed areas such as face, neck and forearm. The losses in the skin firmness and elasticity, increased fragility of the skin and benign lesions are also observed in the skin affected by photoaging [8-10]. 2nd smokingCigarette cigarette smoking is the second causative factor of premature skin aging after photoaging as biochemical changes in the body that triggers accelerate the aging process. It has been shown that people who smoke 10 or more cigarettes a day for a minimum of 10 years to develop statistically more frequent deep wrinkles, leathery skin as a Non smoking. Smoking exerts a noticeable effect on the skin, so it is often possible to detect whether a person is a smoker or not by just on his face. Such individuals have more wrinkles and their skin tends to have a gray pallor compared to non-smokers [8, have 12-15]. The most serious damage to the skin caused by smoking is often through the following causes: a. reduction produced in the body’s storage of vitamin A, the protection of skin damageb. continuous ruffling of the drawing on a cigarette and squinting in reaction to cigarette smoke create deeply wrinkled skin around the eyes and mouth – these are classic signs of “smoker’s face” c. restricted blood flow through the capillaries, preventing oxygen and nutrients get to skind. Limiting the intake of vitamin C, which is an important oxidant for skin protection and health is. Acceleration of the decrease in the production of collagen, an enzyme crucial to the elasticity of the skin. (Taken from Lifestyle – Ref 14) 3 Facial expression / Facial AnimationEach time facial expressions are made, a facial muscle or facial muscles are used. These cause a groove formed at the surface of the skin it causes lines of facial expression. As the skin ages and loses its elasticity, it loses its ability to return to its line-free “state spring and thus permanently etched grooves on the face as fine lines and wrinkles (known as expressive wrinkles) [8, 16]. 4th PositionsContinually Sleeping Sleeping by resting the face on a pillow in the same way every night for years can lead to the development of wrinkles on the face. These folds (also known as sleep lines) ultimately have on the etched surface of the skin and no longer disappear when the head does not rest on the pillow [8]. 5th Gravity pulls Naturally, the force of gravity on our bodies, but the changes with respect to gravity more pronounced with age. When the skin loses its elasticity, the effects of gravity clearly been caused drooping eyelids and eyebrows, extension of the earlobe, education and baking “double chin”, drooping of the nasal tip, and disappear from the upper lip, while the lower lip stronger [8, 17]. Prevention of skin agingAlthough much can be done to stop or not to reverse the intrinsic aging process changes, associated with extrinsic aging are largely preventable connection. Preventive measures include, first Protection against UV light, which reduced at any age reduces photoaging and the risk of age-related skin diseases. Light stabilizers include measures? . Sun avoidance during especially when the rays are the sun in the strongest (usually from 10.00 clock bis 16.00 clock? Wearing of protective clothing (eg, broad-brimmed hats and long sleeves) in the open air of the day.? Applying sunscreen. This s
hould be broad spectrum will provide UVA and UVB protection, and should be a sun protection factor (SPF) have 15 or later. Avoid deliberate tanning, including use of indoor tanning devices. After McCullough et al (2006) preventive measures should be in early childhood, because about 80% begin the damage to the skin by the sun is assumed that up to the age of 18. McCullough et al (2006) also mention the fact that the use of sunscreen the “gold standard” for protecting the skin from UV appear light. It has also been well documented that, the regular use of a broad spectrum sunscreen sunburn not only prevent but also many skin-aging effects, such as wrinkles and pigment changes. In connection with the implementation of skin-aging treatment, the use of sunscreens and sun protection is important. It is important to note that the positive effects of skin rejuvenation measures will be minimized or canceled if to induce unprotected sun exposure continues to skin damage [8, 10] 2. The use of antioxidants, which offer a different approach for the prevention and treatment of both intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging. The skin has an integrated endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms that free radicals (which play a central role in the biological events that lead to the clinical manifestations of skin aging scavenges) and protects cells from damage. This natural antioxidants reduced production in chronically aged skin and further reduced in sun-damaged skin. Taking antioxidants can help enhance skin improve antioxidant defenses levels. But after McCullough et al (2006) oral supplementation was not in increasing skin antioxidant levels as a result of the physiological processes that take place successfully in the body. It has been shown that antioxidants are the percutaneous (through the skin) directly supplement the skin antioxidant reservoir can be delivered. antioxidants vitamin A (retinol) , C (ascorbic acid) and E (tocopherol),?-carotene and bioflavonoid [10, 18]. 3 smoking cessation, a significant shift in the implementation of facial expressions and practices or correction of the sleeping positions not with the face [8]. rejuvenation of aging skin (anti-aging procedures) for people hoping to look younger, or wonder how younger, corrective action, look for aging skin, are numerous and diverse. These include: first topical medications such as topical retinoids (eg tretinoin, Tazarotene and adapalene), which effectively minimize fine lines and wrinkles, and improving skin texture and hyperpigmentation [10]. 2 chemical peels, which are quite useful in the treatment of wrinkles, skin discoloration and age spots. Depending on the level of skin damage , peeling a variety of agents used to manufacture light, medium or deep chemical peels. on healing, new skin noticeably smoother, fresher and younger in appearance, is produced [11, 18] 3. botulinum toxin (Botox ), a sterile, vacuum-dried purified form of botulinum toxin type A. It temporarily denervates specific muscles that are for certain facial wrinkles, including the horizontal forehead lines, horizontal lines, neck, and crow’s feet. treat it in very small quantities in certain muscles and improve lines is injected, wrinkles and furrows with facial expression [11, 18]. 4 soft tissue fillers, injection filling gets under the skin. A variety of fillings are available and these are successfully used in soft tissue augmentation bovine collagen, silicone, hyaluronic acid, Fibrel ®, Goretex ®, just to name a few, all these must be applied by an experienced dermatologist. They are used to “plump up” or contour and correct wrinkles, furrows and hollows in the face [11, 18] 5. Dermabrasion, a traditional technique used to remove a specific product or to wear makes the upper layers of the skin and smooths out irregularities in the skin surface. carried out in the rule to correct scars, but is used by some doctors in order for such considerable Dermabrasion carry damaged skin or skin with pigmentation problems [10-11, 18] 6. microdermabrasion, the tiny particles that scrape off carefully with a vacuum tube used right away, the aging of the skin and stimulate new cell growth. Suitable for patients with mild to moderate skin damage and wrinkles [11] 7. Facelift, a well known procedure used to remove sagging and excess skin in the lower third of the face and under the chin [11]. 8 laser treatment, also known as “Laser Peel” is a relatively new procedure that uses the latest generation of carbon dioxide and erbium-YAG laser to areas of damaged or wrinkled skin, layer by layer removed to reveal fresh skin underneath. It is used most often to the appearance of fine to minimize lines, especially to the mouth and eyes. It is also effective in treating facial scars or areas of uneven pigmentation. It is often performed in conjunction with other cosmetic surgery such as a facelift or eyelid surgery [11, 19]. 9 . Non-ablative resurfacing: a relatively new treatment options for aging and rejuvenation of sun-damaged facial skin. They use non-ablative laser and Intense Pulsed Light technology, have been including electrosurgical resurfacing with electrical energy at low temperatures. Non-ablative techniques to be less destructive alternative to chemical peels and laser treatment developed. When used to treat wrinkles and scars, these techniques for rapid healing, and the improvement of fine lines and possibly skin tone [11, 18]. 10 light therapy, which is essentially the use of infrared LED light therapy. This is based on the fact that absorb the skin’s ability to infrared light and in the process they use as a source that was used to promote energy cell renewal. First, by NASA for use in the U. S Space Program researched, infrared LED light therapy can reverse and control the visible signs of aging without the use of aggressive chemical treatments or invasive surgical procedures. infrared LED light therapy helps to increase production of collagen and elastin, thereby improving skin tone and elasticity. This form of light therapy is gentle, painless, safe, non-invasive and non-abrasive and its application feels comfortable and relaxing. This straight line is its ease of use that in the comforts of home. Recommended products AgingReferences1 for skin. Ramalho A, Silva CL, Pais AACC, Sousa JJS. be used in vivo study of friction of human skin: influence of moisturizers on different anatomical sites. Wear 2007, doi: 10 . 1016 / j. wear. 2006th 11th 051 2nd Brincat MP. hormone replacement therapy and skin. Maturitas 2000, 35: 107-117. 3rd Cucinotta D. Prevention of pathological aging by comprehensive clinical, functional and biological assessment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2007; Suppl 1: 125-132. 4 Seo JY, Chung JH. Thermal aging: A new concept of skin aging. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 2 (Suppl): S13-S22. 5th Venna SS, Gilchrest MD . skin aging and photoaging. Skin & Aging 2004; 2: 56-696. Diridollou S et al. aging: changes in the physical properties of human skin in vivo. Int J Cosmet Sci 2001 23: 353-362. 7 Leung WC , Harvey I. Is skin aging caused by sun exposure in older people and smoking? Br J Dermatol 2002; 147: 1187-1191 8. AgingSkinNet. causes of skin aging. Available at: www. skincarephysicians. com / agingskinnet / basic facts. html. accessed Added: July 11, 2007. 9 L. Baumann aging and its treatment. J Pathol 2007; 211: 241-251. 10 McCullough JL, Kelly KM. prevention and treatment of skin aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006; 1067: 323-331. 11 American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Fact Sheet. The ravages of time and the sun. American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. Available at: http://www. ASD-net. org / patients / factsheets / Patient Fact_Sheet -aging_skin. html. accessed on: July 11, 2007 12. Petitjean A, et al. Influence of smoking on the skin of women. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 42: 259-261. 13 Frances C. Smoker ‘s wrinkles: Epidemiological and pathogenic considerations. Clin Dermatol 1998; 16: 565-570. 14 Lifestyle. smoking and skin aging. Available from: http://lifestyle simply anti-aging.. com/smoking-and- aging. accessed on: 13 July 2007. 15th BBC News. Smoking ages across the body. Available from: http://news. BBC.
co. uk/1/hi/health/6466041. stm. Retrieved on: July 13, 2007. 16 Wu Y, Thalmann NM, Thalmann D. A dynamic wrinkle model in facial animation and skin aging. Visual J Comp Anim 1995; 6 (4): 195-205. Mohatta 17th CD. Why does the skin aging? American Chronicle. Available at: http: / / www americanchronicle.. com / articles / ViewArticle. asp? articleid = 12 644. Retrieved on: July 15, 2007. 18 Ramos-e-Silva M, Carneiro da Silva SC. Elderly skin and its rejuvenation: products and processes for the aging skin. Cosmetol J Dermatol 2007; 6: 40-50. 19th American Society of Plastic Surgeons. resurfacing. Available at: http://www. Plastic Surgery. org / patients_consumers / processes / SkinResurfacing. cfm. accessed at: 15 July 2007. disclaimerThis article is only for informative purposes. It is not intended to be a medical advice and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult your physician for all medical concerns. Please follow all the information in this article only after talking to your doctor or qualified medical professional. The author is not liable for any outcome or damage resulting from information obtained from this article. Find out more information: http://www. allergymatters. com / acatalog / skin_ageing_learning_Centre. html Visit us on Facebook: