Obesity, cause, treatment and complication

Every man must have experienced abdominal pain. Both light and heavy. Often we consider it as stomach ulcers, or what is known in medicine as dyspepsia (because the term “ulcer” in Latin means stomach). Symptoms of heartburn can mimic gastric injury. Deep wounds called ulcer. Peptic ulcers are caused by high gastric acid production, and irritated by bacteria found in the stomach. There are two kinds of major abnormalities in the stomach, namely the functional disorders and organic disorders.

Functional abnormalities, is more associated with impaired gastric function, no change in gastric organ anatomy during clinical examination, biochemical, until the other investigation like ultrasound, endoscopy, x-rays, or CT scan. Abdominal symptoms of nausea, like vomiting, heartburn, stomach feels full, belching, early satiety, abdominal rumbling, until frequent flatulence. This disorder is the most disorder that ordinary people regarded as ulcer disorders.

Organic disorders characterized by anatomical abnormalities that can be seen during endoscopic examination. The form can vary, ranging from inflammation or red image of the stomach, blisters, sores, polyps, and the most severe is the tumor. In more severe cases of blood vomiting or bloody bowel movements, can be sure that there is a chronic disorder of the stomach. To further confirm it, to do a series of start from endoscopic examination, gastric mucosa biopsy histopathology, culture test, and rapid urea test.

Cause

Injury in the stomach is a serious disease. If left unchecked, wounds in the stomach can trigger cancer. Stomach ulcers can be caused by many things, among others:

* Medicine for pain relief that is irritating to the stomach, such as rheumatic drugs and aspirin can cause stomach wound. Use persistent can cause peptic ulcers (peptic ulcer). However, for someone who has weak stomach, just to drink this medicine alone can cause gastric injury. These sores can be life threatening if it causes tears to the stomach wall.
* Foods that are too spicy, too sour, alcohol, and soda can lead to stomach irritation and sores.
* The bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can also cause gastric injury. It’s unclear how the bacteria are transmitted. Suspected transmission occurs through the oral route or from foods that contaminated. Bacterial infections often occur in children and can last a lifetime if not treated.

Complication

The most serious complication is the increased risk of gastric cancer, especially if there is continuous depletion and alteration of gastric cells. This cancer develops slowly in immune system tissue in the stomach wall. If it is discovered in the early stages, this cancer can be cured.

Diagnosis

In patients suspected of a disturbance in the stomach, can be a variety of additional checks including:

* Blood tests, to see the presence of antibodies H. pylori in blood. Positive test results showed the patient had contact with the bacteria, but not necessarily infected.
* Examination of respiratory, these tests can determine whether patients infected with H. pylori or not.
* Checking the stool, to keep track of exactly bacterium H. pylori and also whether there is blood in the stool.
* Endoscopic upper gastrointestinal tract. This test can see abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract directly. If there is a presence of suspicious tissue, then biopsy action must be taken.

Treatment

In order to prevent recurrence of disease, eradication of H. pylori should be thoroughly carried out (eradication). H. pylori worldwide Congress in Sydney in 1990 agreed to declare the treatment can be done with three drug treatment is tetracycline (TC), metronidazole (MNZ), and amoxicillin (AMPC) or clarithromycin (CAM). But because some of the drugs must be taken together, there is often cause allergic reactions. Therefore, Japan and other countries since 1994, more frequent use of AMPC and CAM in combination with proton-pump inhibitor (PPI). PPI is used for pH (acidity level) in the digestive near neutral, and two types of antibiotics were not working actively in gastric acidity. End of 1994, Italy announced the medical world that the normal dose of PPI and CAM plus antiprozoal for one week will result in up to 90% eradication.

Patients with stomach wounds that do not heal should be checked more thoroughly. Ulcer disease is a common disease that usually can be cured with medication type antacid. But if not healed in 2 weeks, should be examined further.

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Noted a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association published that Type 2 diabetics who were treated with low dose aspirin, it was found no significant reduction in the antherosclerotic events, also known as hardening of the arteries and clotting known, although they looked over the age of 65 with heart disease and type 2 diabetes, a reduction in the incidence antherosclerotic.Die American Diabetes Association (ADA) reports that the development of diabetes means more than just the management of insulin levels, but it requires dealing with potential risks such as heart disease, heart failure and stroke. need by the ADA, “People with diabetes also manage blood pressure and cholesterol and talk to their health provider about other ways to get their chance for heart attacks and strokes reduced.”

What Cardiovascular disease is occurring? cardiovascular disease, for many reasons, but often leads to heart failure, which, if the blood appears to pulmonary veins in the back, according to the American Heart Association (AHA). There are a number of diseases and conditions associated with cardiovascular disease, including:

*  arrhythmia

*  cardiac rehabilitation

*  cholesterol

*  congenital heart defects

*  Diabetes

*  heart attack

*  heart failure

*  high blood pressure

*  obesity

*  peripheral arterial occlusive disease

In addition, there are several signs and symptoms, that respect people, type 2 diabetes should have, as it may be the development of heart failure related to their diabetes or other heart diseases:

* Shortness of breath

* Persistent cough or wheezing

*  edema

* tiredness / fatigue

*  nausea

*  confusion, impaired thinking

* Increased heart rate

The treatment of diabetes type 2 diabetes is when the body does or does not produce enough insulin to supply the blood sugar as well known around the body with energy. A small selection of type 2 diabetes drugs for prescription purposes include:

*  Actos Avandia

*  However, there are a number of type 2 diabetes drug side effects that may occur. One such drug is reputed as Byetta, exenatide by Amylin Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly, which has been associated with serious risks for type 2 diabetes patients, bekannt.Byetta has caused pancreatitis in patients. This form of consumption Byetta for their condition may need to consult medical attention or talk to their doctor about the potential risks of the drug with side effects. It can also contact an attorney for a patient to develop pharmaceutical litigation or class action can Byetta.

Acetyl salicylic acid, the active ingredient of aspirin, which is usually used to treat headaches or pain, it turns out to reduce the risk of death for patients with colon cancer.

Previous research also shows aspirin can prevent heart attacks and strokes. In colon cancer prevention, aspirin is known beneficial to prevent side effects of cancer, such as bleeding due to irritation of the stomach or gastrointestinal tract.

In a recent study conducted by researchers from Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, it has been known that colon cancer patients who take aspirin, as well as surgery and chemotherapy, received various benefits from this drug.

Aspirin inhibits the enzyme that is a key enzyme, namely COX-2, the proliferation of tumor formation. Nonetheless, experts believe it is too early to recommend aspirin for cancer patients because it takes research to cancer patients randomly.

Currently in Singapore is being conducted to study the patient to know the benefits of aspirin against their disease.

In research conducted by a team of experts from Harvard, the Dr.Andrew Chan and his team analyzed data from two large studies The Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, involving 1,300 patients with colon cancer.

All respondents had undergone surgery and chemotherapy. From the 549 respondents who take aspirin regularly after cancer, only 81 people who died (15 percent). This amount was contrast when compared with the 730 people who are not taking aspirin and 141 of them died (about 19 per cent).

When other factors taking into account, such as family history, experts estimate the benefits of aspirin have up to 20 percent reduced risk of death due to cancer.

To avoid the risk of cancer, people are encouraged to consume food that is high-yield fibers, such as vegetables, fruits, whole-grain cereals, and beans.

“Consumption of low-dose daily aspirin can help prevent recurrent heart attacks. But this would be risky if used on people who have never had a heart attack or stroke “, Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin reported.

Currently, approximately 50 million Americans consume low-dose aspirin (up to about 325 mg per day) to prevent heart problems and blood vessels. Some of them even do not have a history of heart attack or stroke (as primary prevention). This corresponds with recommendations from the American Diabetes Association (ADA), which states that consumption of low-dose aspirin can be used as primary prevention measures in diabetic patients who have heart disease risk and blood vessel (note that diabetes may increase the risk of developing heart disease dramatically) .

However, several recent studies indicate otherwise. There was not enough evidence to justify prescribing aspirin as primary prevention of heart disease. Benefit from the drug is not very meaningful, and konsumsinyapun not free from risks such as gastrointestinal bleeding (stomach, intestines) or stroke caused by bleeding, so the January 2010 recommendation suggested that the drug is only consumed by those who have a high risk.

Research Evidence
Although aspirin can thin blood and help prevent clots, consumption is still not free from risk, according to the UK review led by several experts.

For example, from two large studies conducted in each of 1.276 and 2.539 in diabetic patients, it can be concluded that those who consume 81-100 milligrams of aspirin per day had a risk of heart attack or stroke 4-7 years longer than those who do not consume aspirin. However, despite already having salute aimed at reducing gastric problems, those who take aspirin every day still have a risk two to four times more likely to contract gastrointestinal problems like ulcers (ulcus) with complications, compared with those not taking aspirin.

In addition, although able to prevent the formation of blood clots that can cause strokes in approximately 80% of people, aspirin can also boost the risk of haemorrhagic stroke, the cause of bleeding in the brain.

Without intending to scare, this article was created to show how many people are beginning to doubt and feel that the risk of aspirin daily consumption has exceeded the expected benefits to those who have never experienced a heart attack. So that aspirin is recommended only if its consumption can bring about greater benefits than risks that may be caused, namely those who had experienced heart attacks, bypass surgery, history of coronary artery blood vessel disease, or those who have no history of heart disease but classified as high risk heart disease, to those who have a bunch of heart disease risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Because once you have these conditions, then you will start to look like someone who had experienced a heart attack.

The point is there should be dialogue between patients and health practitioners about the benefits and risks of aspirin consumption. So, if you are currently taking aspirin, but not included in one of the criteria above, then you should immediately consult this with your doctor before continuing treatment. However, you should avoid the consumption of aspirin daily without the advice and supervision of a physician.